So far, the problem of vision impairment (the rapid development of various ophthalmic diseases) in people of different age categories is very acute. Everything is to blame for a negligent attitude towards health and excessive load in the vision organ. Computers, tablets, phones, televisions and books and - all these things may not only simplify life, but the vice -versa, damage.
Fortunately, science is not stopped and the diseases that previously succumbed to treatment, now you can eliminate almost without consequences and complications.
Laser vision correction
Laser vision correction is an opportunity not only to abandon glasses and contact lenses, but also the only effective and safe way to preserve vision in old age.
The advantages of this procedure:
- Security. The relatively low probability of developing serious complications.
- Efficiency for any violations. The operation is performed not only to improve vision and get rid of optics. In some cases, laser correction cannot be dismissed (this applies to diseases that lead to blindness).
- Without pain. Before starting the procedure, the patient is buried in the anesthetic drug organ, so that the maximum the patient can feel is easy discomfort at certain stages of surgical intervention.
- Continuity. The procedure itself lasts a minute, the main time is spent on the preparation to spend it.
- Short recovery period. In this case, there is no need for design in a hospital. The procedure is performed on an outpatient patient and, after it, the patient can return home.
- Stability and predictability. How effective the operation will be almost always known by the doctor before her. The result persists for a long time (the exception may be the presence of progressive myopia in the patient).
The choice of an expert and the place of operation always remains behind the patient. The price of the procedure and the services of a doctor in private clinics may differ. Its formation is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is worth taking time to find information and clarify all issues of interest in advance.
Varieties of Surgery
There are several correction methods. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. List of Laser Correction Types:
- Laser (subpithelial) keratomiles;
- Photographic refractive keratectomy;
- FEMTTOSCUNDO LKZ.
The keratoctomy of the photo refraction (federal migration service) was first passed several decades ago in Germany. Using this procedure, an exposure to the cornea with one with a heel laser. The testimony of driving is astigmatism, myopia and myopia.
A significant disadvantage of the photo -response keratectomy method is a period of long and unpleasant recovery. In addition, the vision after the procedure does not return immediately, but gradually, the complications are possible. Therefore, they turn to this only when other more modern and effective methods are against -indicated.
The laser -laser (lasek) keratomiles. Unlike the previous method, during operation, the surface cornea layer does not occur, it only changes to the side. The recovery period lasts less than with the federal migration service.
Laser keratomilese (lasik). At the moment, this is the safest and most effective method of vision correction. The recovery period is short, the vision already improves in the first hours after surgery.
FEMTOSSECUDOS LEC (FEMO LASIK) is one of the modifications of the LASIK method, which helps you get perfect results. Risks are reduced, vision returns, and rehab period does not last long. In addition, this method has less -indication than common laser correction. The procedure can be performed for patients, even with "dry eye syndrome".
There are also other modifications of the main methods. The choice of the most relevant method in a specific situation is performed by the doctor.
Indications and against -indications
The correction of laser vision, like any other procedure, has its own indications and against -indications. The indications are divided into two types: doctor and professional.
A medical indication for laser vision correction is the presence of such violations in one eye (the other good):
- hyperopia;
- astigmatism;
- myopia.
Professional indications (specialties where it is inappropriate to use lenses or glasses):
- firemen;
- police;
- military;
- People who work in the industrial sphere (places where there is a lot of dust, smoke and other adverse factors).
Against -indications are relative and absolute. Absolute include:
- Autoimmune pathologies;
- immunodeficiency;
- Diseases that affect processes and healing rate after surgery;
- the presence of only one eye to the patient;
- myopia (progressive);
- Herpesvirus infection;
- retinal detachment;
- The corneal thinning.
List of Contra -Indications Relatives:
- Diabetes mellitus;
- Psychosis;
- Breastfeeding pregnancy;
- heart problems in the patient (the presence of a pacemaker);
- Ophthalmological diseases of an inflammatory nature;
- Scars in the cornea (shell);
- Changes in the retinal and background.
The operation is strictly forbidden to drive people who have not reached the age of 18. This is due to physiological characteristics (not completely formed by the eyeball).
Laser correction preparation
When the operation to restore vision is already attributed, the ophthalmologist recommends doing various tests and follow certain rules. You may also need an appointment by other experts: therapist, endocrinologist, cardiologist etc.
Analyzes that should be taken before the procedure:
- General blood test;
- General urine analysis;
- HIV analysis;
- Analysis for syphilis;
- Hepatitis analysis;
- Coagulogram.
The list of very important recommendations to be performed for admission to surgical intervention:
- Stop using contact lenses (it is necessary to do this from one to two weeks before surgery);
- Refuse a few days before the alcoholic beverages and alcohol -containing drugs;
- Place in order before the procedure;
- Breakfast on the day of the attributed date should be easy;
- It is impossible to apply face makeup and perfumes to the body before the operation;
- It is necessary to buy and take sunglasses with you (they will be required after the procedure and during the recovery period);
- It is advisable to take a close person with him to improve the laser vision of the vision that will remember all the doctor's recommendations about the post -operative period will help to get home, and the first time will take care of the patient.
Compliance with these conditions is very important, since the success of the procedure and the end result depends on it.
How the procedure is performed
Almost all types of laser correction are performed at three main stages. If we talk about the most effective, popular and required LASIK procedure, it is as follows:
- The first step. A laser or a microcarata creates a tab on the cornea surface and takes it to the side.
- The second stage. There is a change in the shape of the cornea with a laser beam (must correspond to the individual patients).
- The third stage. The tab is returned to the starting position and adopted.
Many have heard that patients are sealing their eyes during operation. There are times when the patient wakes up during the procedure and trauma is possible. In this situation, the eyes are not sealed during laser correction, as the anesthetic drops are instilled before the procedure and the operation itself lasts only a few minutes, so these measurements are excessively.
Post -operative period
The post -operative period continues each other. But after Lasik's laser correction, the patient feels an improvement in the early days and does not seem to be very discomfort.
After surgical intervention, it is necessary to clarify once again about all possible complications, ask exciting questions, also listen to the main recommendations.
The approximate list of actions in the post -operative period (the duration of this period depends on many factors):
- You can only sleep on your back;
- It is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist on set dates;
- After surgery, it is necessary to put sunglasses on the street (protect against dust, infection and small particles in the eyes);
- You cannot touch your hands on the operated place;
- Prescribed medications should be used strictly in time and in the amount indicated;
- It is better not to wash your head in the first days after the operation;
- You can wash only with purified or cooked water;
- For a while, you should abandon the use of decorative care and cosmetics;
- It is important to moderate physical effort for some time (the doctor should report the end of reception restrictions after examination);
- You cannot visit saunas, swimming pools and other public places where you can get the infection;
- It is necessary to reduce eye load (refuse to read, watch TV, long -term use of telephone and tablets);
- It is strictly forbidden to drive a car in the post -operative period;
- If it hurts or feels strong discomfort, it is necessary to contact a specialist.
There are some nutritional recommendations. As laser correction is still surgery and therefore a certain stress for the body, you need to eat right.
As in any other period, foods should be useful and contain the necessary vitamins. To improve vision, it is recommended to eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C.
For this, they are suitable:
- Fruits and berries: blueberries, apricots, peaches, kiwi, etc. ;
- Vegetables: broccoli, carrots, tomatoes, pumpkin;
- dairy products (cottage cheese);
- Fish: Salmon, mackerel;
- Meat: Chicken, Rabbit, Peru;
- offal (kidneys and liver);
- Eggs (gems).
In the post -operative period, it is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol and it is advisable to abandon smoke.If health worsens sharply in the first weeks after surgery and prescription additional medications are necessary, the doctor should be mentioned about recently conducted laser correction.
The risks and consequences of the operation
Despite the fact that laser correction, in principle, does not have a serious danger, there are situations in which complications still arise and they lead to not quite pleasant consequences. The ophthalmologist and the patient, agreeing with the operation, must be mentioned at the reception, should be ready for possible risks.
A list of possible complications that can occur during operation:
- The shell of the horn can be cloudy;
- Visual acuity may decrease;
- The image can start folding;
- Astigmatism develops.
These problems can arise for various reasons: lack of experience and professionalism in a doctor, tools selected incorrectly or a method of correction, technical reasons, etc.
Complications that may occur after the operation:
- swelling, inflammatory process, itching, pain and burning;
- Allergic reaction to medicines;
- Lack of improvement or deterioration;
- Blindness (caused by individual intolerance).
Several problems that may not occur immediately, but some time after surgery:
- the return of ophthalmological diseases (lack of therapeutic effect);
- dry eye syndrome;
- Pathological processes that affect corneal (keratoconus, erosion, etc. ).
The laser correction method has advantages and disadvantages. Deciding on this procedure or is not the case of all. In some cases, it helps improve the quality of life (makes it possible to walk without glasses and lenses) and sometimes saves complete blindness.
Surgical operations
Despite the high popularity of laser correction, there are situations where you simply cannot do without other microcurgical operations. They save the blindness of patients with glaucoma, cataract and various retinal pathologies. It also has several advantages and disadvantages.
To combat the cataract, operations are performed to remove the lens and its replacement with a lens. Microsurgery is also able to deal with retinal diseases. To do this, doctors reach their complete adjustment to tissues (subjects) or remove scars and tissues from the vitreous body with signs of pathological change. Glaucoma is overdue by surgery to restore fluid balance in the organ.
Such procedures (surgical interventions) are widely used : :
- Keratoplasty (through this procedure, the functions and shape of the cornea are restored);
- Scleroplasty (an operation that helps suspend progressive myopia);
- Lens Implementation (FAKID): Myopia and myopia are adjusted;
- Vitrectomy (during this procedure, pathological processes in the retina are eliminated)
- Lensectomy (during operation, the lens is removed and replaced by an intraocular lens).
Operational ophthalmic intervention can be crazy or superficial. Laser correction refers to the surface type and operation to remove the cataracts to the strip.
Surgical intervention reaches the rescue when laser correction is prohibited or unable to deal with a severe ophthalmological disease (cataract, glaucoma, etc. ).Therefore, if the doctor accurately insists on the surgical way to combat the disease, he needs to trust him.
The treatment of ophthalmic diseases is rarely cheap, and this is not due to the desire of doctors to make as much money as possible. This is due to the high cost of material and equipment with which the treatment is performed. The eternal question is also a decision on choosing a clinic: private or state. In this case, it is difficult to guess. The state clinic doctor can have more experience and makes all procedures efficiently and confidently, and the doctor of a private clinic has more conditions for successful work (modern equipment). Some doctors work simultaneously at the private and state clinic, so you don't have to focus on the price of services. The presence of positive revisions and recommendations is much more important.